Following a hardware failure on a Ubuntu box, it seems that simply swapping the disk to a similar hardware system is not as easy as I had thought. It would appear that udev attempts to keep a permanant record of the device name (eg. eth0) and the MAC address associated with it, resulting in device names such as:
eth1_rename
The file containing these associations is:
/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
By simply commenting out the old MAC address entries in that file and ensuring the new ones have the names correctly associated, all worked fine again. Example entries in the file include:
# PCI device 0x11ab:0x4320 (skge)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:18:f3:68:42:78", ATTR{type}=="1", NAME="eth0"
# PCI device 0x11ab:0x4364 (sky2)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:18:f3:68:80:98", ATTR{type}=="1", NAME="eth1"